ZAC Conference Series: Social Sciences and Humanities
ZAC Conference Series: Social Sciences and Humanities (ZACCS: SSH) is a conference series focused on sustainable engineering, aiming to share the latest insights and expertise in this diverse field. It is open-access and undergoes peer review, targeting researchers, academic professionals, and postgraduate students. The conference imposes a strict double-blind peer-review process and upholds the ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to maintain publication quality. Publisher: ZENITH Academic Cross-Border Ltd. ZENITH Academic cross-border (ZAC) is a UK academic services company registered under the Companies Act 2006, section 1115, with Companies House in Cardiff, UK.
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Preface: 3rd International Humanitarian Conference
This conference proceedings volume presents the full-length, original papers accepted for presentation at the 3rd International Humanitarian Conference, Baghdad 2024 (IHC-2024). These manuscripts were subjected to a rigorous double-blind peer review conducted by reviewers selected by the scientific committee from prestigious national and international institutions. The IHC-2024 took place in Baghdad, Iraq, on June 9–10, 2024, and was sponsored by Al-Hikma University College, Iraq. We are proud to have played a role in organizing this event and hope it serves as a platform for exchanging research ideas to benefit our society.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Code Switching in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
This study addresses the issue of English-Arabic-switching in the university classroom and how the use of alternative codes might serve the learning and teaching processes. The first part of this research talks about the definition of code switching which depends on different types of systematic methods, and about code switching and code mixing and how to mix between English and Arabic inside the classroom. The second part of the research talks about what are the disadvantages and benefits of using Arabic in the classroom and how to deal with it.
An Investigation of Students’ Perspectives on the Application of Chat GPT as an Academic Tool: A Case Study at HIUC
This research dedicates to investigate students' perspectives on the application of ChatGPT as an educational tool. This investigation employs a quantitative methodology using a descriptive study design. The research was conducted on a representative sample of 100 undergraduate students registered at HIUC. This sample included 50 female students and 50 male students. The findings derived from the descriptive statistics analysis suggest a significant degree of favorable disposition towards using ChatGPT as an educational instrument. The present study proposed instructions to promote the adoption of the ChatGPT model among instructors in Iraqi universities.
A Comparative Study of Postwar Literature (Iranian Defense and Vietnam’s War) a Komunyakaa’s and Aminpour’s Poems
The comparative study tries to find the common points in two different authors’ works and in this kind of studying so many other common but the hidden points may be revealed. Postwar literature is somehow one of the best literary genres for finding the common factors and features that the poets have tried to present in their works elements such as desire to be winner, cruelty, inhumanity, and absurdity of the war. The Iranian poet late Qaisar Aminpour(1961-2007) and Yusef Komunyakaa ( 1947) from Bogalusa, Louisiana, are among the great American and Iranian poets whose works so many times have been interpreted and analyzed. The finding the outstanding and the most important points and themes in the postwar poems of these two poets is the main aim of this literary comparative study.
Terminology management in computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools MemoQ as a case study
Today, translation is the systematic thread that brings different civilizations and cultures together and brings them closer together. In the light of the considerable and rapid advances in technology, the responsibilities of the translator or of the translation companies increase on a daily basis. This led software developers to find tools to help the translator achieve those standards and enrich the translation market with new skills to handle them. Among these tools, perhaps most noteworthy is computer-assisted translation (CAT) Tools. The present paper sheds the light on one of the most important features in computer-assisted translation (CAT) Tools that is terminology management, furthermore, by taking MemoQ application as a case study, it shows a practical guide to create and use term base within this application.
The Pronunciation Problems Encounter EFL Learners in Spoken English at University
This research examines the pronunciation difficulties of EFL undergraduate learners at universities when pronouncing English phonemes. It collects data using recorded speech samples, pronunciation tests and questionnaires as part of a research method for collecting data. The instruments used for this study are collecting data and analyzing them. The test materials are prepared in speech levels. Therefore, the observations of these were based on auditory impressions. The results suggest that the participants had a pronunciation challenge with the phonemes in English. This research gives insights and supports ESL teachers in developing teaching techniques that will lessen or eliminate future issues with Arabic speakers' pronunciation of English phonemes.
Style of Technical Language: Oil and Gas Discourse
The present paper discusses the style and characteristics of technical language generally and oil and gas discourse particularly and shows the differences between technical and scientific language. The paper starts with providing an overview on technical language and the historical emergence. Then, it shows the difference between technical and scientific language because scads of people think they are the same, which is not the case. The paper proceeds to discuss the style and characteristics of technical language giving examples [along with the Arabic proposed translation] about each characteristic for further clarification, and it moves to discuss oil and gas language showing how this discipline is versatile and interdisciplinary. Finally, the paper recapitulates the characteristics of oil and gas discourse and provides examples [along with the Arabic proposed translations] about each. This paper might be of great benefit for specialist and non-specialist individuals who use technical language, including academics, engineers, technicians, linguists, translators and many more, as it helps to improve understanding of technical texts [which is beneficial for translators] and advance the writing skills of specialist individuals.
Forecasting Using the Markov Chain Transition Matrix for Exchange Rate Fluctuations
The current research is preparing an economic statistical study on exchange rate fluctuations for the period from ( 1996 to mid-2005 ) according to the well-known phrase: (The present is the past and the future is the present ). It is a modest attempt to crystallize this type of price in a scientific-statistic method by adopting the matrix of transitional probabilities in Markov chains, as these chains are among the models that are relied upon in the process of forecasting when the data are in the present time and in three cases: - High - Low - Stability. Between the past, the present and the future, the researcher was able to reach in his research to the analysis by applying the method of the greatest places, and to achieve the main purpose of this research, the researcher dealt with four chapters as follows: The first chapter dealt with the problem of research, its importance, need, purpose and determination of its terms. The second chapter reviewed the previous studies published on the subject, as well as the theoretical aspect, in which the matrix of transitional and stable possibilities, the state of stability and independence of the Markov chains, and the estimation of transitional possibilities in the greatest possible way were presented. As for the third chapter, it included the practical aspect and the field application. The data related to the research procedures were collected from the date of (17/10/2003 to 30/6/2005), in which the Iraqi currency was exchanged from the old to the currency currently in circulation, and in which the situation of the Iraqi market suggested great relative stability at the time. Finally, the fourth chapter of this research included the conclusions reached by the researcher from which it came: The market was characterized by a state of stability after the rise in the exchange rate against the dollar, which confirmed the accuracy of the results of the matrix of transitional possibilities, which was reflected on the local stock exchange, as well as the development of recommendations that can be used by the relevant parties.
Risks and Financial Indicators in Managing Bank Liquidity in Islamic Banks: A Case Study of Asia Islamic Bank for Finance and Investment in Iraq
The aims of this study to demonstrate the importance of liquidity indicators and the role of liquidity management in addressing liquidity risk and achieving alignment between the bank's objectives of maximizing profitability, determining an optimal level of liquidity and providing security for depositors and shareholders by following specific strategies and working according to specific mechanisms to achieve harmonization and alignment between its objectives Foremost among them is the forecasting, planning and follow-up of the volume and timing of cash flows, early disclosure of possible deficits and surplus cash balance and planning for investing surplus. In addition to using the financial ratios of the legal reserve, the legal liquidity ratio and the cash balance ratio through which the liquidity risk can be addressed and the bank's objective of securing optimal cash liquidity, maximizing profitability and providing security to the parties dealing with it can be achieved. Liquidity management should also pay attention to creating compatibility, balance and harmonization in the management of assets and liabilities and the role of reserves in securing liquidity.
The Role of Entrepreneurial Leadership in Achieving Sustainable
This research seeks to reveal the role of entrepreneurial leadership as an independent variable with its four elements (strategic vision, creativity, principle, investment of opportunities ) in achieving sustainable development as a dependent variable. Recognizing the importance of these topics discussed because of their effects on the individual and the organization, and to achieve this goal and the importance of the expected results from the field studied, the questionnaire was used as a basic tool for collecting data that was distributed to members of the research sample of administrative leaders who hold administrative positions in a number of colleges. The number of ( 32 ) covered ( 15) paragraphs for measurement. The research problem was framed by a set of questions that contribute to determining the relationship and impact, and to achieve the goal mentioned above. A hypothetical scheme was built that includes the two research variables. In light of this scheme, two main hypotheses were formulated. In order to verify these hypotheses, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach in addressing the research variables. The research reached conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of entrepreneurial leadership, which plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the adoption of senior management to provide the basic elements of the concept of entrepreneurship and diagnose the enhanced positives to achieve sustainable development and find solutions to the negative situations that hinder its achievement.
The mechanism of the impact of electronic payments technology on the sustainable development goals in Iraq. Realized Arab opportunities for the period (2017-2021)
The research dealt with a conceptual presentation of electronic payment technology, its means, types and characteristics , with an indication of the concept of sustainable development and the United Nations plan to achieve it during the period (2015-2030) , and a review and analysis of the mechanism of the impact of the adoption of electronic payments technology on the sustainable development plan and its objectives , and reference to indicators to measure the infrastructure supporting this technology , and then the research presents these indicators in (Iraq) and some Arab countries (UAE, Qatar and Bahrain) and then presents the development and economic opportunities resulting from the adoption of these technologies as a society and institutions in some countries of the Arab region that have succeeded in moving towards digitizing the sector Payments and comparing them to Iraq until (2021) , and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that there are some determinants that work to deploy and expand ATMs and points of sale represented by the ability to meet local demand on the one hand , and the ability to overcome legal and regulatory obstacles to the deployment of these devices on the other hand, and the research also reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is to encourage and strengthen cooperation between the public and private sectors to provide the financial and technical resources necessary to deploy and operate ATMs and points of sale in various Iraqi regions, and to facilitate and simplify licensing procedures and organize the operation of ATMs and points of sale in various Iraqi regions. ATMs and Points of Sale.
This research sheds light on the art of negotiation, what it is? its importance, objectives and types , and its impact on society and governmental and non-governmental institutions to resolve problems and disputes that occur between conflicting parties . It is credited with resolving social and tribal conflicts and trying to instill confidence between the negotiation has a role in international relation by solving problems. Resolving and setting political disputes. The research reached some conclusions and asset of recommendations to activate the role of this type of art, which is the art of negotiation.
The Impact of Accounting Information Systems on Ensuring the Accuracy and Reliability of Financial
The study aims to explore the effect of accounting information systems including (internal control, software, devices and equipment, information systems security) on ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial statements in Al-Rafidain Bank in Iraq. The descriptive and analytical approach was employed to achieve the purposes of the study. A questionnaire was designed to collect data and distributed to a random sample of (150) employees of the bank's head office at different job levels, and then the data from the questionnaire was analyzed using the spss program. The results demonstrate a strong support by the sample members for the impact of accounting information systems in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial statements in Al-Rafidain Bank, as this indicates the importance of these systems in the context of banking, and the study also showed a statistically significant positive impact of accounting information systems represented in (internal control, software, hardware and equipment, information systems security) in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial statements in Al-Rafidain Bank in Iraq, which is a positive indication of the importance of these systems in improving Data quality and enhanced efficiency in banking.
The Effect of Special Exercises for The Arm at Different Angles Using Rubber Ropes Distinguished by The Speed, Speed and Accuracy of The Front Spiral for Table Juniors in Sweden
The science of sports training always seeks to raise the level in various sports activities in general and in table tennis in particular through the use of scientific methods in the training process, which constitute the cornerstone in developing physical abilities and skill performance. Special exercises contribute significantly to the development of physical abilities and the speed of skill performance, especially in the forward spiral strikes, by following the path of the arm movement, the type of rotation, and the speed of the stroke. Also, the type of hit executed and the player’s distance from the table will largely determine the angle of the playing arm, and the position of the arm angle must be according to the goal of the hit. Coaches stress the importance of the arm angle at the moment the ball is struck to the player near the table being (90) degrees at Almost attached. From here, the research problem crystallized, as it was observed that there was a decrease in the level of performance of the skill of the forward spiral strike close to the table and at an angle of approximately (90) degrees, which is considered very important for the player when he faces a spiral strike close or far from the table from the opponent. The reason for this is attributed to the fact that most players do not They realize the importance of the relationship between the player’s stance at the table and the angle of the striking arm, that is, not employing and investing in the mechanical foundations related to the angle of the striking arm. The researchers used the descriptive and experimental approach by designing the two groups with a pre-post measurement system for the occasion and nature of the study, cinematography, and analysis of bio-kinematic variables using the Kinovea program. The research sample was chosen intentionally from a team from the Swedish club IFK Lund Bord tennis under the age of 16 years. The most important results that were reached were For her; The positive effect of exercises using rubber ropes on developing strength characterized by speed, as well as the speed and accuracy of the ball in the post-tests of the experimental group compared to the control group. The researchers have made several recommendations, including conducting similar research through which the player’s ability to develop how to invest physical and biomechanical abilities in other skills in the sport of table tennis can be developed. The researchers used the descriptive and experimental approach by designing the two groups with a pre-post measurement system for the occasion and nature of the study, cinematography, and analysis of bio-kinematic variables using the Kinovea program. The research sample was chosen intentionally from a team from the Swedish club IFK Lund Bord tennis under the age of 16 years. The most important results that were reached were For her; The positive effect of exercises using rubber ropes on developing strength characterized by speed, as well as the speed and accuracy of the ball in the post-tests of the experimental group compared to the control group. The researchers have made several recommendations, including conducting similar research through which the player’s ability to develop how to invest physical and biomechanical abilities in other skills in the sport of table tennis can be ...
An Analytical Study of Administrative Communication Means Related to Organizational Performance Quality among Secondary School Principals in Al-Karkh, Baghdad
Community understanding requires the exchange of understanding and understanding on the subject of reaching the goal, and this requires both parties of communication who achieve a common understanding, especially in administrative work, which is an essential function in creating a common understanding among workers in programming the work to be implemented. Therefore, the study aimed to study the reality of administrative communications related to the quality of institutional performance. Administrators of some faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences have chosen, and in order to do this, the descriptive approach was chosen using a survey method as a way to solve the problem and the use of a random sample of secondary school principals in Baghdad Al-Karkh, numbering (532) principals, in addition to the use of several methods and tests that contributed to the implementation of the research procedures, including the use of scale. The quality of institutional performance and means of communication. After conducting statistical treatments and analyzing and discussing the results, several conclusions were reached, including that there is a deficiency in institutional performance, especially in the field of available relationships and human capital. As for the recommendations, the most important of them was to conduct a review in the use of communications related to the technological aspect of implementing community service.
Bulgarian bag exercises and their effect on some physical and motor abilities to develop handball scoring skills
The research aims to prepare the Bulgarian bag, identify the effect of the Bulgarian bag to develop physical and motor abilities, and identify the effect of the Bulgarian bag to develop scoring skills. The sample represented (18) junior players for the Iraqi handball team. The researchers used the experimental method to achieve the goal of the research and used the statistical package (SPSS) to process the data statistically. According to the results collected, it was concluded that there was superiority in the post-tests of the experimental sample. The researchers recommended focusing on developing these physical and motor abilities and scoring skills because of their great importance, and conducting research on other samples, levels, and activities.
The theory that the sovereignty is a single unite that cannot be divided has become outdated, or at least it is confined to the framework of a simple state, not a federal one. Sovereignty in the federal state can be divided into shares where the center and its regions each have a share. The new perspective is an American innovation as a result of its historical circumstances, where its states gathered to form a federal state, moving from Confederation to Federalism. In Iraq after its liberation in 2003, the form of the state became a new mode, more commensurate with federal mode. This gave sovereignty a new commensurate with the new perspective and the new form of the state. The relationship between the center in the region (Kurdstan) is not so good. Based on that , the researcher in this paper aims to shed light on this issue in an attempt to discuss the limits of each other’s sovereignty without one of them encroaching on the other.
Enhancing the Quality of Financial Analysis through the Application of Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT): Opportunities and Challenges
The research is concerned with the subject of the future of the accounting profession in light of the development of the uses of artificial intelligence, specifically what relates to the function of interpreting accounting numbers published in the financial statements. Accordingly, the two researchers attempted to formulate a joint vision to study the challenges that the financial analyst can face in the transition to the contemporary world of digitization, which is beginning to impose... Its dimensions in various fields, practical fields, and various scientific and professional horizons. The research was based on the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant correlation between the development of artificial intelligence applications and the level of quality of financial reports provided by financial analysts. The research reached proof of the validity of such an assumption based on evidence that indicates the availability of the possibility to achieve the maximum benefit from artificial intelligence applications in interpreting the relationships between published accounting numbers for various business organizations.
The role of the International Criminal Court in criminalizing Israeli attacks on the Palestinian people
The International Criminal Court, which is governed by the Rome Statute, is the first permanent court established on the basis of a treaty established to hold accountable the perpetrators of the most serious crimes at the global level, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. On July 17, 1998, the work of the Diplomatic Conference on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court concluded with the approval of the adoption of the Statute of the Court. The International Criminal Court is a permanent and independent institution and is not considered one of the sections of the United Nations. The Statute clarifies that the main task of prosecuting and punishing the perpetrators of crimes lies with States parties, and the Court complements those efforts. The Court is considered the focal point for the application of the international criminal justice system, to include national courts, international courts and courts that include national and international elements. The increase in the intensity of international conflicts and wars in many parts of the world has had an impact on the increase in the commission of war crimes against civilians and the high rates of human rights violations, in the absence of an appropriate mechanism adopted by the international community to reduce these violations and punish and prosecute those who are behind them, whether they are individuals, states, organizations or governments.
Numerous countries around the world have made exceptional efforts to combat terrorism. Many of these efforts have been undertaken individually and outside the scope of the United Nations, despite its charter designating it as the authority responsible for addressing issues of international peace and security through the Security Council.Describing these efforts, they represent the endeavors of states directly affected by terrorism. However, this does not imply that the United Nations, as the institution under which the international community operates, has been distant from this highly significant matter. On the contrary, the diplomatic history of the issue of terrorism found its primary arena within the United Nations. Legal discussions began within the framework of UN bodies and agencies. Mechanisms ensuring the international community's response to combating terrorism were appropriately developed within UN agencies. Additionally, the executive mechanisms can be found in the organization's efforts. Moreover, the international legal confrontation of terrorism was fundamentally organized through the United Nations. Reports, resolutions, treaty formulations, and conferences were significantly conducted within the premises of the international organization. The United Nations also served as the primary sponsor of other international conferences closely examining issues directly related to international terrorism, attempting to blend statements and recommendations in a manner consistent with the accepted concept of terrorism, achieving widely acceptable results among all member states. Regarding individual state activities, efforts to combat terrorism legally and materially vary according to the interests of those states and their concept of terrorism, which often does not align with the concept upheld by other countries. Therefore, this study will explore the concept of terrorism in the first section, address the legal obstacles to combating terrorism in the second section, and finally, discuss the international efforts to confront it in the third section.
The Role of Algerian Courts in Reducing Drug Crimes
Drug crimes are a major challenge facing many countries in the world, and Algeria is one of the countries that face this phenomenon with all challenge and seriousness. In this context, Algerian courts play a vital and crucial role in trying to reduce those crimes and provide justice for those involved. Courts are an essential component of the Algerian justice system, applying laws and legal standards to ensure justice and integrity in society. The analysis of the role of Algerian courts in combating drug crimes comes within a broad framework of challenges faced by the country in this area. Drug crimes are crimes that have a significant negative impact on public security and social stability, and require a firm and effective response. Therefore, understanding the role of Algerian courts in this context is vital to assess the effectiveness of the efforts made and to identify points that can be improved. This research is based on a careful analysis of the role of the Algerian courts in combating drug crimes, focusing on several important aspects, including: how to apply the relevant laws, ensure the rights of the accused and those affected, the effectiveness of the penalties imposed on those involved, in addition to international cooperation in this regard. Drawing on this analysis, we can understand more deeply how the Algerian courts' role in combating drug crimes has affected, what challenges they may face in achieving their goals, and how to improve efforts to promote justice and security in society. Therefore, we pose the following problem: How did the Algerian judiciary address the phenomenon of drugs and what mechanisms did it adopt to reduce this dangerous scourge?
National sovereignty in light of international intervention
The Charter of the United Nations prohibits the use of force and stipulates two principles in international relations, namely the sovereignty of States and non-interference in the internal affairs of States. Intervention is illegal. In fact, the principle of non-intervention poses problems, especially when it comes to human rights, intervention in order to spread or protect democracy, intervention to confront the spread of weapons of mass destruction and international terrorism, or in order to change political regimes or liberate peoples and others. Accordingly, the sovereignty of states under international intervention is threatened by a number of dangers, and it is feared for the future of national sovereignty, especially after being overruled by the international institutions that sponsor international legitimacy. Sovereignty is the legal basis of the state, which by violating it, the role of the nation-state dissolves, and national loyalty to other concepts is affected, as well as its inability to control its economic resources and the decline of social justice.
Peaceful Methods of Resolving International Disputes
International disputes that have not reached permanent solutions lead to serious dangers that threaten international peace and security. International law has stipulated ways to resolve these international disputes by political or judicial means, such as resorting to justice or international arbitration to settle them between the disputing parties. The Charter of the United Nations, under Chapter VI, has defined multiple settlement methods.
Compensation as an Effect of International Liability in International Law
The incident establishing international responsibility has a legal obligation for persons of international law that includes States and international organizations, and international responsibility arises only when the violation is against the person of international law, where the responsibility is attributed to the international person because the internationally wrongful acts are from the legal system applied between States and organizations and not others, and they have the right to repair the damage resulting from those prohibited acts.
The Role of The Courts in The Application of Criminal Policy to Reduce Drug Crimes
The Iraqi judiciary has been keen to reduce crimes in general, and has paid a high degree of attention to drug crimes, because of their negative effects on the entire society, as the weakness of the state apparatus in general, and the spread of terrorist groups, in the past twenty years have led to an increase in these crimes, which prompted the Iraqi legislator to update the Drug Law No. ( 68 of 1965 ) by legislating the Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law No. ( 50 of 2017), in addition to taking preventive measures concurrent with punitive measures, by working to create an environment free of elements that encourage the commission of this type of crimes, by removing the factors and circumstances that can contribute to the formation of the criminal personality. However, the judiciary has worked hard to reduce these crimes by forming courts specialized in the crimes of drugs and psychotropic substances in each governorate, and imposing the most severe penalties and measures on the perpetrators of this type of crimes.
The legal organization of the crime of child begging in light of Iraqi legislation
The crime of begging is spreading rapidly in most societies, especially in developing countries, where this crime has become a negative and dangerous impact on the social, economic and cultural levels. The reasons associated with this crime are many and varied, some of which may be due to the individual himself, in addition to the factors that affect society. Accordingly, our study deals with the topic of "the legal organization of the crime of child begging in the light of Iraqi and comparative legislation", especially since the category of children is characterized by its special and vulnerable nature, in addition to the fact that the impact of this crime is increasing in seriousness in light of modern technological and technological developments. In light of these challenges and in view of the importance of the child who enjoys protection and care in the majority of societies, many positive legislations have resorted to working to draw a legal structure that suits the special nature of the child "juvenile", by deciding reform measures that suit each juvenile individually and according to his circumstances and personality, which was followed by Iraqi legislation. The study raises the problem of combating begging crimes committed by children, because it deals with many legal, social and psychological aspects, in addition to preventive and precautionary measures, as well as demonstrating the ability of Iraqi legislation to confront. Our study was divided into two topics; we dealt in the first with the crime of child begging, and in the second we dealt with the elements of the crime of child begging and its penalties.
The Role of Governance in Strengthening of the Constitutional Judiciary
This research article aims to identify the governance of the judiciary in various aspects (transparency, rule of law, participation, accountability, justice, and equality) and its impact on the development of constitutional judicial powers. To centralize the authority and achieve judicial goals within the state, reforms must be implemented. The concept of judicial governance was previously nonexistent, with some viewing judicial power as separate entities performing their duties independently. However, due to developments that the world has witnessed, the responsibilities of the constitutional judiciary have increased, leading to the adoption and application of governance principles. This can only be achieved through promoting the concept of governance and implementing its principles in all state institutions, particularly those of a constitutional nature. This includes reforming the institutional structure to recover the powers to the judiciary, which serves as the arbiter, separator, and balancer among all branches of government.
The Role of the International Community in Stopping the Zionist Aggression on the Gaza Strip
On October 7, 2023, Hamas began its military operation, dubbed the "Al-Aqsa Flood," which consisted of a massive and intensive missile attack that included the launch of 5,000 rockets that Iron Dome failed to confront. It targeted Israeli settlements from Dimona in the south to Hod Hasharon in the north and Jerusalem in the east. In conjunction with the missile attack, it bypassed the Palestinian youth resistance, which is divided into 14 attacking groups by means of vehicles, bicycles and gliders on settlements and military sites of the Zionist occupation in the vicinity of 40 km in the Gaza envelope, thus bypassing the separation wall, which former Israeli Defense Minister Benny Gantz described as "the smart defense marvel." Israel responded to the military operation with a devastating aerial bombardment to start its devastating war against Gaza.
Rationale for Terrorism Offences: Comparative study with the provisions of Islamic Sharia
The research deals with the study of the motivating reasons for the commission of terrorism crimes, both at the national, regional and international levels, with a comparative study with the provisions of the Islamic Sharia on this crime. The research showed that there are political, economic, social, intellectual and other reasons that lead to the commission of these crimes and even increase their spread at the level of the state, the region and across the world. The study relied on the descriptive, analytical and comparative approach to reach the desired goal of preparing this research. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the disintegration and lack of cohesion of society may be one of the important reasons for the occurrence of international terrorist crimes. The study also proposed a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to work from international and regional bodies to prevent and combat the causes of the occurrence of international terrorist crime.
Civil Liability for Damage to Digital Content (Comparative Study)
Digital content is one of the results of the modern digital revolution, which affects the most accurate and personal rights of individuals. Personal and public information that is collected and shared over the Internet is increasing, which leads to the imposition of a type of risks and challenges whose impact is widespread, frequent and accelerated across the digital field, which is characterized by complexity and sensitivity of people. The digital field is cross-border, multidimensional, interconnected and rapidly spreading among users. Rights related to the circulation of information, including freedom of opinion and expression, freedom to circulate information, the right to privacy, the right to digital security, and the right to digital privacy. It is not a right to harass people under the pretext of freedom of opinion and expression. Everyone has the right to adopt a certain faith or thought without being harassed by others as a result of their own ideas or beliefs, provided that they are limited by some of the necessary restrictions specified in the text of the law, and in a manner that preserves the public interest. The right to privacy is also an endorsement of personal freedom without seriously violating the right of another person to the extent that his affairs and conditions are under the knowledge of others, which causes the privacy of others to be presented to the public, and here it entails the responsibility of violating the right of others to privacy. Privacy is a fertile field for individuals to exercise their right to enjoy self-development with others, in a way that ensures influence and influence in many areas to increase meaningful human knowledge, but without intruding on the rights of others. Everyone has the right to privacy through the digital field of Internet networks, as everyone has the right to protect their personal data, retain, process and control it, and not to allow others to penetrate it. Everyone should benefit from the digital revolution, and the optimal use of meaningful digital content as producers of contents, blogs and services, not just consumers. Therefore, the issue of competencies for the optimal and meaningful use of digital content is part of the indicators of the special dimension of participation in a way that ensures a critical sense, efficiency, and ethics, and in a way that ensures the public use of the digital field of the Internet, and in a way that promotes digital human rights. All digital human rights must be respected, which find its legal basis in positive legislation and international charters, but they are still subject to violations, especially in light of the increase in personal information circulated to users , which may be misused by some and cause serious harm to others , may affect their reputation , or personal consideration, and sometimes this may be a tool used to blackmail the victim , or bullying him, and then make him vulnerable to many serious material or moral damages. Digital content may have several aspects , in which there may be meaningful content and a tool for human development among individuals , and digital content may include a violation of the rights of other people, exposing them to material and moral damage, and this in turn reflects on societal peace, and exposes social ties to disintegration , dispersion , and lack of confidence in dealing with others , and here it has become necessary to develop deterrent legal rules for people who misuse the digital field of wide Internet networks and their various programs. The pillars of civil legal responsibility are available when a certain person uses the digital field by producing inappropriate digital content on the Internet through which he deliberately offends others in their personal consideration, reputation, or honor, whether the aim is to blackmail the victim or bully him electronically, and here the element of error is achieved. If this error results in damage to the person whose digital rights have been violated as a result, the second pillar of civil legal responsibility is formed, and when the causal relationship is available, the three pillars of responsibility are formed, and when available, the person responsible for this is held accountable. Civil liability for the damage of digital content constitutes an effective system to reduce the damage of the violation of the digital rights of subscribers through the digital field. The tools of this liability must be at a high-level equivalent to the damage and the consequent risks. All public and private efforts should be combined to reduce this. The damage is not private, but rather results in a serious reflection that results in the modern disintegration of social ties.
Penal Protection of The Right to Digital Oblivion
The right to digital oblivion is one of the personal rights that focuses on the components and elements of personality in its various manifestations, so that it expresses the person’s various powers and will over these components and elements with the aim of developing this personality and protecting it from enemies. This right, like other rights, has been affected by the emergence of the Internet and websites. The right to digital oblivion now includes the person’s right to have his electronic pages closed by deleting all his electronic data and information after his death, or leaving the websites, In addition to erasing his personal data from the storage devices on those sites after a certain period or at the request of the data subject, so that it does not appear on the sites after searching for it through electronic search engines (such as the Google search engine) and social networking sites, it is a human right and is fundamentally related to the right to The user does not want his personal information to remain for a long time, and does not want his personal information to be processed and stored by the person responsible for processing the data if there is no legitimate reason for keeping it.
Crimes against Palestinian Civilians Under Zionist Occupation
Throughout its long history, humanity has coexisted with conflicts, power, influence, policies of violence and distress, bloodbaths, massacres, racial calamities and famines. Its present and future visions are still subject to horrors, hardships and tragedies. International humanitarian law has come to express these values in legal language that imposes the obligation on the States parties that make up these agreements. The basic rules and principles of this law have become a set of values accepted by the entire international community and to know that the civilian population is the first to be exposed in most cases to acts of aggression and violence. In different parts of the world, we are witnessing the process of ethnic cleansing, mass killings and atrocities committed against civilians and destroying their homes and property. This is what prompted the researcher to choose his research ( crimes committed against Palestinian civilians under the Zionist occupation) to answer many questions, including knowing who are civilians through the concept of crimes against civilians. The international trend of retaliation against civilians was rejected during the military operations. In the UN General Assembly resolution adopted in 1970, it is not permissible to retaliate against the civilian population, whether they are a group or individuals in armed conflicts. Civilians, in particular, within the framework of international humanitarian law, which is a newly established law that includes a set of international legal rules targeting situations of armed conflict and the protection of civilians suffering from the scourge of this conflict , and the subsequent military occupation. The rules of international humanitarian law are characterized by moral highness, as they codify the rules of morality that must prevail during armed conflict and military occupation
Performance -based management system in hospital emergency
Background: Given the emphasis on evidence -based management in recent years and one of the new management methods is performance -based management, the purpose of this study was to establish an initial performance -based management system in the emergency department of Nikan Hospital in Tehran. Methods: Establishment of a science -based management system in the Nikan Hospital Emergency System includes six steps: 1) Determining the mission and goals of the organization, 2) Integrated Performance Assessment System 3) Response to Function, 4) Collection of Performance Data, 5) Data analysis, analysis, and performance data, 6) use of performance information to improve the organization. Results: Delays in the provision of bars, photography, experiments and specialized consultations in the crowded hours of emergency (20 to 24). The satisfaction of the patients was less than the service during emergency background (14 to 20). 70% of the patients declared recovery and about 70% announced that they would go to the hospital next time. Conclusion: Implementation of performance -based management system in the country's hospitals that lack the necessary infrastructure should pay many attentions and time and energy in this regard.
The level of attitude of managers and employees towards the goals and concepts of comprehensive quality law management system in hospitals
Comprehensive quality management should be considered as a management system that ensures the correct and continuous execution of work at all levels of the hospitals. This system is a direct way to sustain progress and a coherent and comprehensive effort that is used to continuously improve all aspects of a hospitals activities to achieve competitive advantages. The emphasis of the comprehensive quality management system is on increasing the satisfaction of customers or consumers through the management of methods. This system thinks about the continuous improvement of the hospitals activities through individual managers and employees, and finally the effort to improve the performance of all hospitals levels. raises This research is based on the purpose of an applied research from the point of view of the descriptive correlation method. The studies that have been done so far have presented methods and tools of comprehensive quality management to evaluate and implement this system in both industrial and commercial hospitals. are These studies identified dimensions and factors of comprehensive quality management for its evaluation and study. These tools help both researchers and managers to implement comprehensive quality management in the hospitals.
The Phenomenon of Takfir (Causes and Solutions)
Intellectual, spiritual, and economic voids are significant factors contributing to the spread of the phenomenon of takfir and terrorism. The absence of an effective state role in economic matters, coupled with the lack of involvement by scholars in intellectual and educational aspects, accelerates the spread of this epidemic. Addressing these gaps helps the youth avoid the pitfalls of doubt, extremism, and misguidance. Consequently, students of knowledge, and young people in general, can fulfill their roles in disseminating knowledge, culture, and ethics, becoming beacons of guidance for those lost in the deserts of strife and misguidance, leading them to the oases of guidance and enlightenment. This process quenches thirsty souls, heals wounded hearts, and turns texts and knowledge into rays of light that illuminate the world with love, development, and peace. It offers a gentle touch to the mind, spirit, and heart, acting as a balm that heals afflictions. Humanity, in turn, will find happiness and shelter under the teachings and guidance of the Prophet of Mercy, our Master Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, his family, and his noble companions.
Causes of Drug Use and Methods of Legal Treatment
Drug addiction or use dates back to ancient times, with its roots lying in the human use of certain plants containing substances that alter mental states, perception, and sensations for thousands of years. These substances were used either to experience pleasure, alleviate the pain of a particular patient, endure suffering, or forget a painful life and its burdens. Drugs play a significant role in encouraging individuals to commit various crimes due to their impact on the nervous and sensory systems. Furthermore, drug abuse has become one of the most pressing problems and challenges facing our society, posing severe threats to families and youth and warning of potential disintegration. Regardless of the form or type of drug, it remains one of the most dangerous social issues and plagues that harm our community due to its profoundly negative effects on individuals, families, and society at large.One of the causes behind the prevalence of drug use is the high unemployment rate and lack of job opportunities within Iraqi society, leading to idle individuals who, with excess free time, may turn to drug addiction. Additionally, poverty becomes a bias, with the influential factor being the creation of a strong and urgent desire that drives drug users to obtain substances by any means and gradually increase their dosage. Other significant causes of drug use or addiction include family environment, bad company, working conditions, general social influences, or the desire to escape from one's social or economic reality. In some cases, sudden wealth among certain families may also contribute to drug abuse. As a result, drug abuse has become a focal issue throughout Iraq due to its destructive impact on Iraqi society. It is a primary factor in numerous social, security, economic, and health problems, leading Iraqi society to invest considerable energy and financial resources in preventing its spread and mitigating its effects on individuals and the community. This has been addressed through various legal and other means. The significance of this study lies in understanding how drug users can reintegrate into society as normal individuals without suffering from physical or psychological disorders resulting from drug addiction. This can only be achieved through understanding and addressing treatment methods and attempts to eliminate the causes of drug use or addiction. Officials must exercise caution and consider this issue to ensure that drug users are free from drugs and their negative consequences
Civil liability for digital content damage (comparative study)
Digital content is one of the results of the modern digital revolution that affects the most accurate and specific personal rights of individuals, as the personal and public information that is collected and shared through the Internet is increasing, which leads to the imposition of a kind of risks and challenges whose harm is extended to a wide, frequent and accelerating scale through the digital field. Which is characterized by the complexity and sensitivity of people, as the digital domain is transnational, multi-dimensional, interconnected, and rapidly spreading among users. The rights related to the circulation of information, including freedom of opinion and expression, the freedom of information circulation, the right to privacy, the right to digital security, and the right to digital privacy, it is not right for people to be harassed under the pretext of freedom of opinion and expression, for every person has the right to embrace a certain belief or A certain thought without being harassed by others as a result of his own ideas or beliefs, provided that they are defined by some necessary restrictions specified by the text of the law, and in a way that preserves the public interest. The right to privacy is also a credibility for personal freedom without the person seriously and unjustly violating the right of another person to the extent that his affairs and conditions are under the knowledge of others, which causes the privacy of others to be exposed to the eyes of the public, and here he is responsible for violating the right of others to privacy. Privacy is a fertile field for individuals to exercise their right to enjoy self-development with others, in a manner that guarantees influence and influence in many areas to increase purposeful human knowledge, but without intruding on the rights of others. Every person has the right to privacy through the digital domain of Internet networks, as every person has the right to protect his data Personality, retention, processing and control over it, and not allowing others to penetrate it. Everyone should benefit from the digital revolution, and the optimal use of purposeful digital content as producers of content, blogs, and services, not just consumers. Therefore, the issue of competencies for the optimal and purposeful use of digital content is part of the indicators of the special dimension of participation in a manner that guarantees critical sense, efficiency, and morality, in accordance with Ensures public use of the digital domain of the Internet, in a way that enhances digital human rights. All digital human rights must be respected, which find their legal basis in positive legislation and international covenants, but they are still vulnerable to violations, especially in light of the increase in personal information circulating for users, which some may misuse and cause serious harm to others, may affect his reputation, or His personal consideration, and sometimes it may be a tool used to blackmail the victim, or bully him and then make him vulnerable to many material or moral damages. Digital content has many aspects, in which it may be a meaningful content and a tool for human development among individuals, and digital content may include a violation of the rights of other people, and expose them to material and moral damages, and this in turn reflects on social peace, and exposes social ties to disintegration, dispersion, and lack of confidence in dealing with people. Others, and here it has become necessary to put in place legal deterrent rules for people who misuse the digital domain of the wide Internet networks and its various programs. The elements of civil legal liability are available when a specific person uses the digital domain by producing inappropriate digital content on the Internet through which he deliberately offends others in their personal consideration, reputation, or honor, whether the aim is to blackmail the victim, or bully him electronically, Here, the element of error is achieved, and if this error results in damage to the person whose digital rights have been violated as a result, the second element of civil legal liability is formed, and when the causal relationship is available, the three elements of responsibility are when it is available to hold the person responsible for that accountable. Civil liability for digital content damage constitutes an effective system for limiting the damages of violating the digital rights of subscribers through the digital domain. The tools of this liability must be at a high level that corresponds to the damages and risks resulting from that, and all public and private efforts should be combined to limit this, as damages are not Especially, but it has a serious repercussion that results in the disintegration of social ties in a modern way.
Sustainable Human Development In The light of Training and Total Quality (TQ)/ Study area (General Company for Hydraulic Industries) One of the Technological Incubators
This research aims to achieve sustainable human development through training and Total Quality (TQ) in Technological Business Incubators (General Company for Hydraulic Industries), to provide small and medium enterprises with effective human resources. The research targeted the intermediate levels represented by workers responsible for translating strategic decisions and strategic management of human resources by making decisions related to developing and empowering workers and building the necessary and effective capabilities. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability to the objectives of the study and using the SPSS program to extract the results for the purpose of analyzing them. Thus, the study reached many results, the most important of which is the presence of a significant positive effect between the research variables. The results of the correlation relationships between the training variable and TQ reached 97%, and that the technological incubator provides a set of services in human resource development through training and TQ in its human dimension and leads to improving overall performance, developing workers and continuous work with a future vision and comprehensive sustainable development. It recommended laying the necessary foundations for applying the basic principles of justice and social responsibility necessary for development and investment of effective human capital to achieve sustainable human development
Comparison between the models of potential storage and simulation of the demand for electricity transformer (400/11) in Diyala General Company
Storage models are usually used to determine the optimal order quantity and reorder point by obtaining the lowest total cost of storage to balance the amount of production and the amount of demand for materials, but sometimes these models can not be applied, so the use of simulation is resorted to where accurate and flexible results can be relied upon, to achieve the goal of the study, which is to improve the company's storage system. This research dealt with two cases of the probabilistic storage model, where the first model was applied to the monthly demand data on one of the products of Diyala General Company, which is the distribution transformer (400|11) for the years 2019,2020,2021. The second is the probabilistic storage model by simulating demand and comparing the two models, whichever is better to reach optimal. Where the distribution of demand was found to find the average and standard deviation and apply the model to obtain the indicators of the models. Using the MATLAB program, the statistical analysis of the data was carried out and the indicators of the model were obtained.
Sustainable Development and Its Role in E-commerce, Entrepreneurship, and Business Management
Sustainable development is playing an increasingly more important role in worldwide financial sectors, such as e-trade and entrepreneurship. As groups strive to combine sustainability into their practices, the intersection of sustainable development with digital trade and entrepreneurial ventures becomes important for long-term fulfillment. This article explores how sustainable improvement influences e-trade, fosters innovation in entrepreneurship, and contributes to financial boom. It additionally delves into the challenges and possibilities organizations face as they incorporate sustainability into their operations, focusing on the function of entrepreneurial leadership in selling sustainable practices.